The second process of the aforementioned three cognitive abilities offers a more interesting example. Unknown input could sometimes be categorized in the process of evaluating whether an object exists in memory. The member of a category is distinguished in propositional logic in an orderly manner, but a category consists of a prototype and several surrounding members, and therefore the boundary of the category appears fuzzy. In fact, the cognitive activity involves considerable fuzziness. My study of Thomas Mann and fuzzy logic is one such example.
Cognitive ability processes
Process of cognitive ability ①Perception and attention
Description The process pays attention to information received from sense organs, and therefore it is important to know a good thing when one sees it. For example, base and profile or grouping.
Process of cognitive ability ②Learning and memory
Description The process builds external input into an existing knowledge structure. Existing information is dealt with by reasoning, and unknown input is dealt with by categorizing. The process absorbs the character in common with the concrete example, and therefore it is learning through experience.
Process of cognitive ability ③Planning and reasoning
Description The received information is useful in the process of “planning and reasoning.” In such case, one analyzes a problem for any purpose and seeks a solution. But when the acquired information isn’t enough, any reasoning is necessary.
Categorizing changes how things are perceived in different situations, and it becomes a habit and expands radially. For example, many studies examine the polysemy network to integrate semantic theories such as prototype and metaphor. A semantic network does not have to find the character in common with all members. In categorizing radially, the member conventionalized by a prototype plays a second role and provides a link. It does not mean that another member departs from the central network.
花村嘉英著（2015）「从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品－魯迅をシナジーで読む」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura